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NICHOLAS
COPERNICUS
(1473-1543)
Often
thought of as one of the pioneers of modern astronomy, Nicholas
Copernicus is most famous for shaking up the scientific and religious
communities. At Before Copernicus' time, it was taught that Earth was at the centre
of the Universe. Religious leaders used evidence from the Bible to
back up this claim and people accepted this as fact. However, by
observing the night skies, Copernicus noticed that the movements of
the Sun, Moon and planets didn't really make sense based on the
understanding that the Earth was at the centre of them all. But, by
putting the Sun at the centre, and calculating the orbits of the known
planets, suddenly it all worked. As this could be seen as questioning
the teachings of both religious and scientific minds, Copernicus had
to be completely certain that his theories were correct and it took a
lot of persuasion until he decided to publish them. The book De
revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On The Revolutions of the Celestial
Spheres) was published after his death (although it is rumoured
that he was given the first copy while on his deathbed in 1543) and
at first it didn't have a major impact. It was only after other
scientists, most famously Galileo Galilei, publicly backed the
"Copernican System". Church leaders of course opposed a
Sun-centred system, and banned Copernicus' book (it stayed on the
Vatican's banned list until 1758). Galilei was later arrested for
"following the position of Copernicus". |
Copernicus
was born in 1473 in Torun, in the old Kingdom of Poland. Although he studied
law, medicine, canon and civil law during his years at University, he became
interested in astronomy. His career was actually in the Catholic church and
he carried out his religious duties devoutly. He never intended to oppose
the church in making his theories about a Sun-centred system public - and in
fact feared scientific condemnation rather than religious. He worked for the
church for most of his life, retiring only through ill health. He was
convinced to publish his ideas late on in his life. He died in 1543 after
entering a coma from a stroke. It is rumoured that after receiving the first
copy of his book, he woke from his coma, saw his book, and then died.
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